![]() Mass production of standardized products.Less flexibility of operations as layout cannot be adapted to the manufacture if any other type of product.Breakdown of one machine results in work stoppage of the entire line of machines.High initial capital investment in special purpose machines.Simple and effective inspection of work and simplified production control.Optimum use of floor space and less congestion of work in the process.Special purpose equipment can be operated by semi skilled labor.Lesser investment in inventory and work in progress.Continuous flow of work permits mechanized handling of materials.Smooth and uninterrupted operations from free bottlenecks.Low cost of material handling due to straight and short path and elimination of backtracking.Examples: Sugar refineries, Paper mills, Cement plants, Rolling mills, Automobile assembly plants, Food processing chains. ![]() A product layout may assume a straight line shape or U-shape or circular shape. It is a grouping of machines in one sequence.Output of one machine becomes input to next machine.The raw materials are fed at one end and taken out as the finished product on the other. It is also known as Line Layout because machines are mostly arranged in a straight line.The material is moved from one work station to another sequentially without backtracking or deviation.In product layout, machines and equipment’s are arranged in the sequence of the manufacturing operations required for the product.
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